People Deceased, Chapter 19

1. Introduction 

Some people have chosen to write about a colleague who has passed away. We've also extracted pertinent IT Pioneer information from a few obituaries. These are listed and linked at the right. Inputs about other 'Pioneers' or comments added to these snippets of our pioneers' lives are welcome.

Note: Tom Brokow honored 10 people in his book "The Greatest Generation." Lowell Benson's opinion is that had Mr. Brokow known Arne Cohen, Jack Hill, Bill Norris, Don Ream, Sid Rubens, and Erwin Tomash - at least one of them would have been included in his book. 

2. Obituary Logs*

The VIP CLUB newsletters have obits of former employees or their spouses whom have been reported as having passed away during the previous month or two.  Each year at the November UNIHOGs/Technologists luncheon the planning committee reads a compilation of these 'Co-workers'. 

In memory of our Legacy colleagues: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012r1, 2011, 2010, 2009, 2008, 2007, 2006, 2005, and 2004.  Alphabetical listing*, initiated by Paul Dickson, formatted by Lowell Benson, and updated by Jim Andrews.
*Obits reported after 10/31/2023 will be in future newsletters and updated listings. 

3. Testimonials/Obits

3.1 Rollie Arndt

    Today I got over to the U of M campus and found that 'Wall of Discovery.' It's outside the Electrical Engineering and Computer Science building. It's actually part of a very long walk, called the Scholars Walk, which spans the campus east to west and cuts across the Northrop Auditorium-to-Coffman Union mall. It was installed in 2006. You can read about it at http://www.alumni.umn.edu/Wall_of_Discovery.html. The first name to jump out to me was Rollie Arndt. Seymour Cray is there too. Also Walter Brattain is there for the for the transistor. The Discovery wall web site contains the following words about Mr. Arndt: "Rolland Arndt worked on the circuitry and redesign of the NIKE ZEUS at Remington Rand in 1958-1960. Remington Rand was one of the principal contractors for the development of America’s ABM system. It began with the Army’s NIKE ZEUS system, a concept very similar to the other NIKE systems. ZEUS had radars to acquire and track the target and also a radar to track the intercepting missile, as well as a computer. " [by Dick Lundgren]

   Mr. Arndt was a VIP Club member and our annual participant in the Unihogs/Turkey luncheons. He passed away in March, 2007 at age 80. I felt sadden at his passing, had worked with him briefly in the summer of 1963. It should be noted that Rollie also worked on the ERA engineering team which created the UNIVAC II from the UNIVAC I, he was pictured on Al Reiter's web site - copied to our site for posterity. The photo at the right was taken by me, the original came from the four boxes which he had donated to the Charles Babbage Institute. [LABenson}

3.2 Jim Bergum

Submitted by Lee Purrier via Al Peterson
    Very sorry to hear about Jim he was a gem among fine jewelry. If you ever have the chance to tell his family - let them know that he contributed more as an individual than any other computer scientist I met in almost 40 years, and he never even made anyone feel uncomfortable in his presence. I will spread the word to the old group.
   Couldn't help but look back on the period that we worked together on EPLRS and even before that on various MTASS/CMS-2 stuff and I wanted to write something down that may be a bit different from the tributes paid to Jim following his untimely passing. If I could speak to his parents and immediate family I would say something like this. Jim Bergum's contributions to the readiness of our military - Army, Marines, and Navy - went far beyond the engineering excellence he provided. I met Jim in 1991 when I was the Project Head of the multi-service program called EPLRS, a very complex computer/radio system that provided position location and communication among the combat elements. At the time, Hughes had spent 18 years and several billion dollars getting the system to the point of almost being useful but was in danger of being cancelled because of cost, enormous size equipment and recurring technical problems. I had no real help among the 50 or so people at Camp Pendleton so I contacted Al Peterson to see if his team could provide some sorely needed assistance. In short, he sent Jim out to reprogram the software in a big computer to demonstrate that it could operate effectively in a much smaller one which Hughes and all others said was not possible. Jim made it work in less than six months and launched a modernization program that saved the program. From that point on, whenever there were hurdles to overcome, schedules to be met that my own team couldn't seem to accomplish, I would call for Jim and he would spend a few days out here in San Diego and leave with everything humming.
   Although this may sound like ordinary engineering work, it had the profound effect of saving many Soldiers and Marines lives and injury during the Iraq conflict. Having saved this very critical system that was the backbone of General Frank's command and control capability allowing him to direct the forces intelligently and, in many cases, out of harm's way. The contributions of this system cannot be overstated and it may not have been there if Jim hadn't been called to action.
    In forty years in the computer business, I never met a more dedicated, competent, engineer and simply great guy.  Lee Purrier

3.3 Robert P. Blixt:

Bob Blixt passed away unexpectedly on December 4th, 2007 after a two week illness. Bob graduated from Roosevelt High School in Minneapolis, later was graduated from Macalester College with an Electrical Engineering degree. He served in the Navy, Air Force, and Army during World War II and the Korean War. Bob was one of Minnesota’s computer pioneers shown here just before the 1953 shipment of an ERA 1104, the BOMARC Missile Guidance Computer. During his 35 years at ERA and UNIVAC, he was a mentor to many younger engineers. His systems management skills were recognized in the P-3C and S-3A program developments.
We’ve lost more than another computer pioneer! We’ve lost a friend and a co-worker.

In 1992, he entertained at the VIP Club annual Christmas dinner-dance [left]. Guitar playing was a life long avocation. He always enjoyed jazz, a little blue grass or a classical guitar music.  Bob was active on the Unihogs/Turkey committee, shown [right] in 1992 with speaker Bill Norris and event photographer, Jim Nikitas.
Thanks Bob for your many years of friendship both in and out of the office. [Submitted by Lowell Benson & Bernie Jansen]

3.4 About Pat Casey:

I only knew Pat by his association with our boss, Vern Leas, back in 1956-57. Vern was hired by RRU to set up the operation known as Wire Tabs. Up until then the computers; 1101, 1103, 1105 and the UNIVAC II were wired from schematics and logic drawings. The odds of any two having the same electrical characteristics and therefore operational characteristics were infinitesimal - therefore the need for Wire Tabs. Pat and Vern were good friends back then. The last practitioner of Wire Tabbing that I knew was Merwyn Alferness and he was classified as a Physical engineer. [By Jim Hyslop]

3.5 Arnold Cohen

- as extracted and edited from the August 10, 2003 Star Tribune obit section:
Arnold was solving engineering problems for computer hardware in the Twin Cities when computers barely existed. He is considered one of the founding engineers of Engineering Research Associates (ERA) which became part of the Remington Rand Corp. in the 1950s. That company then became the UNIVAC division of Sperry Rand, now known as UNISYS. ERA was started in 1946 by a group of Navy 'code-busters' including William Norris, who later founded Control Data Corp.
   An early project was figuring out what eventually was patented as "selectively alterable digital storage on revolving magnetic drums." That meant having a way of locating a bit of information you want to change then being able to change it, said Sid Rubens, who also joined ERA in 1946. The patent awarded to Cohen and two other became basic in the field. Cohen led a system design that became the Atlas I, believed to be the first stored-program electronic digital computer actually shipped to a customer site, according to "Computer Pioneers", published by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
    In October 1950, the Atlas I - all 2,700 vacuum tubes of it - was sealed in a railroad car and shipped to Washington, D.C. according to Warren Burrell who worked with Cohen. The customer was a unit of the Navy that later became part of the National Security Agency.
    In the early 60s, Cohen was invited to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) to participate in Project MAC, or Multiple Access Computer and Machine-Aided Cognition. Part of the work was getting computers to talk to each other. When he returned to UNIVAC a year later, he started wok on the first multi-computer system which was sold in 1965 to United Airlines for reservations work.
   In 1971, Cohen became assistant dean for industrial and professional relations at the University of Minnesota's Institute of Technology. He helped develop an early version of distance education via TV and telephone hookups because IBM in Rochester wanted to offer technology courses on-site. {Editor's note: UNIVAC/UNISYS personnel also participated with the University's UNITE classes in Plant 8 - see Keith Myhre's career summary.}

    After retiring from the university in 1979, he was active in founding the Charles Babbage Institute, a center for the history of information processing, now part of the University of Minnesota. {Editor's note: Dr. Cohen is mentioned in several other publications which chronicle the early years of ERA.} [LABenson] 

3.6 Fred Hargesheimer

(1951-1978 employee of ERA, Remington Rand, Sperry UNIVAC)

Fred Hargesheimer passed away On Thursday December 23^rd, 2010 in Lincoln Nebraska where he was in a hospice near his son, Richard's home. Fred's career is documented in a Legacy publication written by Ed Nelson. His last formal communication with the Legacy Committee was in 2007 as documented in section 3.2 of the Oral Interview page. His obit from an on-line posting is:

"LINCOLN, Nebraska (AP) — Fred Hargesheimer, a World War II Army pilot whose rescue by Pacific islanders led to a life of giving back as a builder of schools and teacher of children, died Thursday morning. He was 94. Richard Hargesheimer said his father had been suffering from poor health and passed away in Lincoln. On June 5, 1943, Hargesheimer, a P-38 pilot with the 8th Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron, was shot down by a Japanese fighter while on a mission over the Japanese-held island of New Britain in the southwest Pacific. He parachuted into the trackless jungle, where he barely survived for 31 days until found by local hunters. They took him to their coastal village and for seven months hid him from Japanese patrols, fed him and nursed him back to health from two illnesses. In February 1944, with the help of Australian commandos working behind Japanese lines, he was picked up by a U.S. submarine off a New Britain beach. After returning to the U.S. following the war, Hargesheimer got married and began a sales career with a Minnesota forerunner of computer maker Sperry Rand, his lifelong employer.
But he said he couldn't forget the Nakanai people, who he considered his saviors. The more he thought about it, he later said, "the more I realized what a debt I had to try to repay." After revisiting the village of Ea Ea in 1960, he came home, raised $15,000 over three years, "most of it $5 and $10 gifts," and then returned with 17-year-old son Richard in 1963 to contract for the building of the villagers' first school. In the decades to come, Hargesheimer's U.S. fundraising and determination built a clinic, another school and libraries in Ea Ea, renamed Nantabu, and surrounding villages. In 1970, their three children grown, Hargesheimer and his late wife, Dorothy, moved to New Britain, today an out-island of the nation of Papua New Guinea, and taught the village children themselves for four years. The Nantabu school's experimental plot of oil palm even helped create a local economy, a large plantation with jobs for impoverished villagers. On his last visit, in 2006, Hargesheimer was helicoptered into the jungle and carried in a chair by Nakanai men to view the newly found wreckage of his World War II plane. Six years earlier, on another visit, he was proclaimed "Suara Auru," "Chief Warrior" of the Nakanai. "The people were very happy. They'll always remember what Mr. Fred Hargesheimer has done for our people," said Ismael Saua, 69, a former teacher at the Nantabu school. "These people were responsible for saving my life," Hargesheimer told The Associated Press in a 2008 interview. "How could I ever repay it?"
Besides Richard, of Lincoln, Hargesheimer, a Rochester, Minnesota, native, is survived by another son, Eric, of White Bear Lake, Minnesota, and a daughter, Carol, of Woodbury, Minnesota; by a sister, Mary Louise Gibson of Grass Valley, California; and by eight grandchildren and 10 great-grandchildren."

From Legacy Committee member, Don Lovely: "Yes, I did see the St. Paul article on Fred Hargesheimer. I sat beside him his last year or two at Sperry. I just talked to his daughter Carol whom I know reasonably well. No funeral. He was cremated and his ashes will be spread over his vineyard as were his wife’s. The vineyard next to his California home immediately bought his acreage so they could expand. Fred had spent his last two months in an assisted living facility in Lincoln, NE. His eye sight had almost completely failed. When I visited him in Grass Valley in 1997, I spent an hour showing him how to use a PC and data processing so he could get started writing his book. He visited me several times when he was back in the Twin Cities. Fred was a saint if ever there was one. Don " 

3.7 Higginbotham, Grover Stanley

[Obit edited from the July 10, 2007 Minneapolis Star Tribune] age 92, of Edina, Minnesota and Naples, Florida, died July 8, 2007. One of the youngest graduates United States Naval Academy, class of 1935. He had a distinguished 29-year career as a United States naval officer. His first ship was the battleship U.S.S. Arizona, BB-39, from 1935 to 1938 where he served in the Gunnery and Engineering departments.  During WWII, he served aboard the battleship U.S.S. Texas, BB-35, and was promoted to commanding officer of the destroyer U.S.S. Albert W. Grant, DD-649, in the Pacific where he received the Bronze Star. After the war he attended the Army Guided Missile School in Ft. Bliss, TX and then graduated from the Naval War College in Newport, RI. Later notable career assignments included staff officer to the Chief of Naval Operations in the Pentagon; Chief of Staff to Commander Cruiser Division Two, United States Sixth Fleet; commanding officer U.S.S. Ponchatoula, AO-148, Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, then largest oil tanker in the Navy; commanding officer Destroyer Squadron 25 "The Pineapple Fleet", Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, then largest destroyer squadron in the Navy; and Chief of Staff to Commander United States 7th Fleet, Yokosuka, Japan.
    Upon retirement from the Navy as a Captain, he worked for 15 years in management for Sperry Univac at their offices in Salt Lake City, UT; Los Angeles, CA; and St. Paul, MN. In Salt Lake City he earned a Master's Degree in Engineering Administration from the University of Utah and was made a member of the Phi Kappa Phi honorary society. While in Los Angeles he headed the development of the on-board computer system for the S-3A carrier-based anti-submarine aircraft built by Lockheed. He continued to provide consulting services to Univac after retirement. He and Vivian traveled extensively with destinations to China, Europe, and our around-the-world cruise. His family lost a loving husband and father; our communities lost a dear friend; and our country lost an honored patriot and a wonderful ambassador. [LABenson] 

3.8 John 'Jack' Lindsey Hill

Jack, we honor you as a real Information Technology Pioneer – thanks for our Legacy start.

59 years ago, the fall of 1950, Jack and others completed design, assembly, and factory test of the Atlas I computer at Engineering Research Associates (ERA) in St. Paul, MN. In October that year they took it apart and shipped it [in a sealed railroad box car.] During November ’50 they re-assembled it at the Communications Supplementary Activity-Washington (CSAW) facility – Jack had stated that they were home for Thanksgiving. The ATLAS was fully operational in December 1950 performing cryptography algorithms and other intelligence processing for CSAW - shrouded in secrecy for over 25 years by CSAW's successor, the NSA. "This was the world’s first stored-program computer to be delivered and operational in a customer’s facility" [History books credit one or two other laboratory units as the first stored-program computer.] The prototype of the ATLAS drum memory is now on exhibit at the Minnesota Historical Society.

In 1951 ERA received government permission to market a commercial version of the ATLAS which Jack identified as model 1101 because it was designed on contract Task #13. [13 in binary is 1101] The ERA 1101 with updates became the UNIVAC 1102, …, 1108 - a computer line which still operates today, the UNISYS 2200 series.

Jack, your compatriots of the ‘Original Geek Squad’ will miss you! Memorial service was to be at 2 p. m. on 17 October, 2009. Don Weidenbach spoke for the Legacy Committee at the service.  [LABenson]  

From Jack's daughter Bonnie Hill, written in response to a January 10, 2021 Minneapolis Star tribune article that featured Don Weidenbach. 
Dear Mr. Brown, Thank you for the story about Don Weidenbach and ERA. Don spoke at my father’s funeral, as my father worked with him as an engineer at ERA after the war. My Dad, John Lindsay Hill, was an engineer on the UNIVAC 1101 - Wikipedia. He went by Jack, and was quite a bit older than Don. He died in 2009, just three months short of 100 years. I think there is much more to the story of ERA that would be interesting to people today. Jack was part of a team, and is on the left in this drum-memory photo.
Extensive oral histories of some of these amazing men are available at the Charles Babbage Institute at the UMN, which also has a collection my Dad’s personal papers. Because these men had security clearances, much of their story remained secret, even to Jack's wife Catherine, until the mid 1980s. That is when my brothers and I finally learned many details of our Dad’s life, Oral history interview with John Lindsay Hill. The Babbage Center has also published a book about the work of ERA. I also have a collection of his papers, including his life story, as told to charitable organizations. He was homeschooled by his grandmother until his early teens when the family immigrated to Minnesota from Canada. In Minnesota he completed high school as valedictorian of White Bear High School and then went to two years of technical school at Rochester Institute of Technology, before a winding path of jobs, military service, and then ERA. 
One memory that has stuck with me is a lecture we were given at the dinner table when we were school children. Dad said “Your friends’ parents will tell you that computers will take away their jobs. I want you to know that the computer is a tool like a hammer. It can be used for good or evil.” 
None of Jack and Catherine’s three children married engineers, but they became an architect, a physician and an engineer. And all three of us love to fix things. My brothers, Peter and David, know many things in addition to what I have shared with you.  Another good source is Tom Misa, former Director of the Babbage Institute.
Thank you, and perhaps you’ll find there are more stories you can tell about the early computer days, Bonnie Hill

3.9 Dick Huberty

Dick passed away in September, 2011, survived by wife and family.
from Jim Rapinac - I worked with Dick in Lyle Franklin's PERT group in the early 60"s. Dick later was in Navy marketing. He was a part of my DSD marketing organization from 1978 until I left in '87. Great guy, great family man. Dick and Lyle were very close friends. Ciao for Now! Rapp

from Lyle Franklin: Thank you, Lowell. I first met Dick in 1956 when I was an instructor in training. Dick was the expert on the Model 35 Tektronics display and later an expert in Tactical Air Command Systems training. Dick and I also shared the Jack and Jill bathroom at Shaw AFB BOQ while teaching the TACS specialist courses. Dick then joined Lyle Gilbertson and worked on the TACS large screen display. Dick was in the PERT group and later in the Navy Marketing group. Thanks to his efforts the 1219 became the NAVORD standard computer. From there he joined Navy Program Management. Dick also was an instructor with St. Paul Vocational Technical schools as well as pursuing a degree in the U of M night school program. We bowled together, played cards together, picnicked together. We were not only close associates at work we were good friends. Dick was a HAIL FELLOW WELL MET. Those of us that were fortunate enough to know him will miss him greatly.  Lyle 

3.10 Earl C. Joseph

As copied from the Minnesota Futurists web site - {Editor's Note: Earl had indicated that he'd get us a career summary at last December's 'First Friday' Luncheon. Unfortunately he passed away on 2/24/2007 before he could edit his biography for our use.}
    "Earl's credits include: A pioneering scientist, management consultant, & futurist in many fields; 3 computer patents; the systems architect of 5 major computer systems; authored chapters in 50 books & had published over 500 technical, managerial, educational, and scientific papers; makes over 100 presentations per year [over 4000 in his career]. He has been featured in the Wall Street Journal, USA Today, Business Week, U. S. News & World Report, Science News, and many other national publications. Has received two contracts from the U. S. Air Force to advance the state-of-the-art of strategic management and futuring efforts. Earl was the Science Guest of Honor at the 25th anniversary meeting of MINICON 25. In 1996, during the 50th year of computers, Earl was honored with his picture on a poster for the event, elected to Beta Phi Beta, and has received numerous honors from various professional associations. The Wall Street Journal claims Earl was the first in Corporate America to have the title of “Futurist,” Business Week claims he was one the first to use the phrase “smart machine” and forecast that the central processing unit (CPU) of computers would become a “bulge in the cable.” He was a member of an early 1970’s team that initially studied and outlined the design of The Internet. He convinced the Defense Department at a Naval Academy workshop to fund the development of Very High Speed Large Scale Integration (VLSI/VHSI) circuit chip technology that lead to today’s chip advances.
    Earl's main consulting services were in strategic & visionary management: forecasting, futures research, COMPUTERS, issues management, planning, teaching, training, etc.. He researches the future of many areas including the future of libraries. Earl’s professional activities includes: the founder and a current director of the Minnesota Futurists (a chapter of the World Future Society); Founding Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Minnesota Computer Industry Coalition (MCIC); member of the IEEE, ACM, American Association for the Advancement of Science, Robotics Section of Society of Manufacturing Engineers, the Society for General Systems Research and the founding president of its Minnesota's chapter; past Chairman of a Metropolitan Young Adult Ministry; President of the Twin Cities chapter of the ACM for 1976/77 and 1986/87; Co-Program Chairman of the 1981 Society for General Systems Research International Conference; General Chairman for ACM 75 conference, and the World Futures Society’s 1991 conference “Creating the 21st Century.” Earl is an adjunct professor and a visiting lecturer at the University of Minnesota designing and teaching graduate level courses on alternative futures. He is the former futurist in residence at the Science Museum of Minnesota; a distinguished visiting lecturer for the IEEE Computer Society; lecturer for DPMA, WFS, ACM and ASM.
    Earl is listed in American Men and Women of Science; Who's Who in the World, Midwest, Finance, & Management. Listed in the National Reference Institutes for Who’s Who among Human Service and Education Professionals. Board Member of: Chairman of the Board of Future Systems; on the Board of Directors of Dorn Swenson Meyer [Colle & McVoy Public Relations], Chairman of the Board of Advanced Energy Technology Company [and its founding CEO] and Expo Graphics. Earl has designed and taught 100’s of university level courses in the areas of computers, business, management, marketing, advertising, entrepreneurship, futures, and other topics. Taught at all education levels; K-12, college and graduate.
    Until 1983, Earl was with Sperry Univac for 32 years as a computer scientist including 20 years as a staff scientist/futurist. Earl directed and managed large complex computer and communications projects, departments and divisions and performed the system design, logic design, programming and manufacture of a number of computers. Earl is an internationally recognized leader as a futurist, manager, scientist, computer architect, professor, systems designer/engineer, lecturer and consultant in the diverse fields of future studies, human resource development, computers, AI, peace, medical, social, agriculture, economics, business, education, nanotechnology, expert systems, defense, and manufacturing. He is the founder and Editor of the journal Futurics; Advising Editor for the journals Futures, Human Resource Development Quarterly, and the Journal of Cultural and Educational Futures; Editor of the newsletter Future Trends; Former Editor of the Systems Trends newsletter and MCIC Newsletter; has been featured worldwide on 100's of TV and radio programs and in science fiction books. The ERA 1101 computer started the computer industry in Minnesota and Earl was its first programmer. Earl’s picture at the 1101 computer console was on a poster at the 1999 Minnesota state fair. In 1960 Earl had in operation the first embedded computer, now known as a “smart machine,” it was for the Nike Zeus Multifunction Array Radar and missile detection system for a Anti-Ballistic Missile system." [LABenson]

3.11 William 'Bill' Keye

Obit at the left scanned from the St. Paul Pioneer Press by LABenson, webmaster.

William Key is the last of the Drum Development Management group pictured at the right. The people in this photo at the right are from left to right: Bill Keye, Arnie Hendrickson, Bob Perkins, Frank Mullaney, Arnold Cohen, and Jack Hill.

Yes, Lowell, You had it right. I can confirm that this is our Bill Keye. He supervised two of my bosses at ERA/Univac and also hired me into Control Data. He was a good man.
Jerry Williams

3.12 Robert E. 'Bob' McDonald

edited from the April 2000 VIP Club newsletter.
    Bob started with Engineering Research Associates in 1953 and retired in 1980. He was the first person from the Twin Cities to progress to higher management in Blue Bell and New York. He had a total of 27 years experience in the computer industry at the time of his retirement.
    Mr. McDonald became operations manager for Remington Rand Univac in 1956, general manager of the Univac Military Department in 1959, and general manager of all Univac operations in St. Paul in 1963. In 1964, Bob was named vice president and general manager of the Univac Defense Systems division in St. Paul. He was appointed president of Univac in 1966, and served in that position into 1971 (UNIVAC was renamed Sperry UNIVAC in the early 1970's).
Sperry Corporation recognized McDonald's successful leadership by naming him Executive Vice President of Sperry in 1968. He was elected President of Sperry in 1972 and President and Chief Operating Officer in 1974. In 1979 Bob was elected a Vice Chairman of Sperry Corporation. [LABenson]

3.13 About Jack Reid:

    Just as an aside, I thought you might be interested in a little more of Jack Reid's background. First, he was a great teacher for the week we had him. Of all the instructors that I had over 42 weeks of training, (24 at Ft. Monmouth, NJ and 18 at Aberdeen Proving Grounds, MD) he was the only one who's name I could remember. He was drafted into the Army and because of his background was sent to school to learn how to trouble shoot and repair a Sperry designed fire control system called the T38 Sky sweeper.
    Basically it was a 75mm gun with a combination Acquisition/Tracking radar on the left side of the mount and our electro-mechanical analog computer on the right side. It could fire one 75mm round every second and was very accurate for maybe the first 4 or 5 seconds. Then the effects from firing; i.e., concussion and vibration knocked the computer out of alignment. In 1956 when I was stationed at Misawa AFB, there was a battalion of Sky sweepers guarding the base in addition to the battalion of M33s that I supported. It was interesting to watch the T38s at the firing range (out over the Pacific). A B-26 would flyby towing a target sleeve. A T38 would open fire, the first round would put a hole in the sleeve - the second would blow apart the knuckle that held the sleeve to the tow cable and then before the crew shut it down it would start tracking up the cable shooting chunks off of it.
    Anyhow, after Jack finished school, he got shanghaied to Iceland for a year. When his year was up he was sent back to the states. He only had a few months left and thought/hoped he would be discharged. He wasn't and instead was sent to Ft. Monmouth to instruct for his remaining time. Not a happy camper. The first day he strolled into class, he was in a Khaki class A uniform minus the tie. He walked up to the blackboard, picked up a piece of chalk, wrote his name and the class title and then in large letters below, scrawled out "I hate this bleeping (or something comparable) Army!" We got along fine with him and learned a lot. I was happy I didn't have to work on that system though. That computer would have driven anyone nuts.
    He was/is a great guy although I don't remember having had much contact with him at Plant 1. I left there at the end of 1967 and started work in commercial. I don't have any idea of what became of him. [by Jim Hyslop] 

3.14 Dr. Sidney Rubens:

Paraphrased from the St. Paul Pioneer Press, December 16, 2007   
Dr. Rubens passed away December 13th, 2007 at the age of 97. He received his Physics BS and PhD from the University of Washington. While doing post doctoral work at USC and UCLA, he was recruited to join the Naval Ordinance Laboratory where he invented methods to degauss ships to make them immune to magnetic mines. After WWII, he joined Engineering Research Associates in St. Paul, MN. He became director of research in charge of classified and large scale computer systems. One of his lab's early development was thin-film magnetic memory, essential to all computers. After retiring in 1975, he became an honorary Professor of Electrical Engineering, mentoring graduate students. Dr. Rubens was awarded over 30 U.S. Patents. He was the inaugural recipient of the IEEE Magnetics Society Information Storage Award [1987] and received the IEEE Society Millennium Medal for lifetime achievement [2000.] He was on the advisory board of NASA. Photo circa 1955 from Curt Nelson's collection.

   Sid was one of four originators of the First Friday luncheon group in the mid-50s. It wasn't until the mid-60s that this group allowed Chuck Homan [#5] and Warren Burrell [#6] to join them. This luncheon group continues to meet today, until November 2007 had passed a cell phone around the table so that old friends [about 20] could chat with him. [by LABenson] 

3.15 Robert 'Bob' Wesslund:

Paraphrased from family 'mini-bio' picked up by Ed Nelson at Bob's Memorial.

Robert Evan 'Bob' Wesslund, 4/22/27 to 9/16/2008.
Bob's early interest in electronics included work at radio station KOWH [Omaha Nebraska] for which he earned credit toward his high school diploma. He served in the Navy during the close of WWII from '45 to '46 as an assistant electrician. He entered the U of Omaha in 1946, later transferred to U of Nebraska to receive a BSEE in 1950. He worked as an engineer at radio station KFAB during college.

BBob began working for Engineering Research Associates in November 1951 in St. Paul, MN. As ERA transitioned to UNIVAC, he worked on several computer development projects. He received two patents during his time at ERA/UNIVAC: 'Reading Saturatable Cores' and 'Magnetic Core Devices'. These two patents helped develop early disk drives for reading and writing to tape-driven computer memory systems. These formed the basis for more recent patents that influence today's hard drive and data storage technology.

   In 1959, Bob became Vice President (VP) of Engineering for the newly formed Transistor Electronics Corporation, a Minneapolis firm developing and manufacturing computer industry components.

   In 1960, he began a 26-year career with Control Data Corporation. He started there as a senior engineer, was promoted to director of product development, then later to VP of several departments before retiring in 1986 as VP for Technology Exchange.

    After retirement, began consulting including co-ownership of Mobile Radio which provided radio communications systems to area businesses. As an amateur radio operator [ham operator], he became one of the leading members of the Northern Lights Radio Society. In 2004, that group created the annual Robert Wesslund Award, presenting the first year's honor to him, "for his many years of significant contributions to the Northern Lights Radio Society and for his continuous work with mentoring others in the World Above 50 Mhz."

   In closing, Bob will be missed by his former co-workers and friends from the Original Geek Squad monthly meetings and the Annual Unihogs/Uniturkeys luncheons. [LABenson]

3.16 John Markfelder:

John was a friend of mine for 48 years. I came to work in April of 1964, hired by Phil Foster to work in the Installation Design group. I was assigned to a slightly balding guy who showed me the ropes. That mentor was John Markfelder. We never missed a lunch and we enjoyed quite a few beers together at Slingers' and the Esquire for their noon special soup and ham, beef or turkey sandwich specials.
I got to know John as a real worker and hustler from the very first days when he also carried his vacuum tube case with him and repaired TV sets on the side.  He impressed me with his people skills, respecting everyone and knowing who could make things happen. I will always remember the little twinkle in John's eye when we reflected on special times together.
One very special fall day, John and I flew into Grey Trout Lake in Ontario to try to capture that unique time when the lake is turning over and deep water trout are on the surface.  We were having a once in a lifetime fishing trip with a fish on every cast and it was the time to find that trophy to hang on the wall.   Well, John hooked into a good one and brought him in to the floats we were fishing off of and it was my turn to net him.  Needless to say, I was not successful in netting John' trophy trout and I got the treble hook caught in the landing net as his trophy got away.  John didn't get mad at me but simply kept fishing.  Each time since then when I brought up the memory of his trophy trout that I'd lost for him, he simply smiled as if to say, that's OK!

Thanks John for being a special friend. [Ken W. Nelson]

John Passed away November 11, 2011 at the age of 79, survived by his wife, Carol. John was a Unisys retiree and long time member of the VIP Club. Many others remember John Markfelder as the early 80's founder of the now "Annual Univac Old Timers Reunion". [LABenson]

3.17 Erwin Tomash: by Dr. Tom Misa

Dear colleagues, I am writing with the sad news of the passing of Erwin Tomash, who died last week at his home. Erwin was a University of Minnesota EE graduate, class of 1943 [with Frank Mullaney], one of the engineer-sales people for Engineering Research Associates, an executive with Telemeter Magnetics, and a founder of Dataproducts, the notable computer peripheral manufacturer.

Erwin was also the founder of the Charles Babbage Institute and for years its guiding spirit. In the 1970s, even before he retired from Dataproducts, he consulted with leaders in the academic, museum, and business worlds about creating an institution to support and foster computer history. Initially located in California, CBI's first task was finding a permanent home. It turned out that the University of Minnesota put in the winning bid in a national competition; see < http://www.cbi.umn.edu/newsletter/article2.html>. CBI moved to Minnesota in 1980, Arthur Norberg arrived the next year as director, and the field of computer history would never be the same. Arthur took up Erwin's plans to have CBI engage in collecting archival materials on computer history, conducting oral histories, and engaging in research projects. In practice, these three activities have been complementary ones.  A significant number of CBI's 200+ archival collections have roots in an oral history and/or CBI research project. A special issue of IEEE Annals of the History of Computing [2001] provides additional details and perspectives, as does the CBI Newsletter [Fall 2003] on CBI's 25-year anniversary < http://www.cbi.umn.edu/about/nsl/v26n1graphics.pdf>

Since 1978 CBI has awarded the Adelle and Erwin Tomash Fellowship in the History of Information Technology to a Ph.D. student completing his/her dissertation. The 32 recipients, beginning with the first recipient Bill Aspray, and continuing to the most-recent Ksenia Tatarchenko. The recipients now include many leaders in our field http://www.cbi.umn.edu/research/tfellowship.html. At the University of Minnesota an additional Tomash fund supports our Ph.D. students. Erwin was also a book person. In the 1980s the CBI-Tomash Reprint Series published notable editions with expert commentaries. Some of these volumes are still available http://www.cbi.umn.edu/research/reprints.html. Then, notably, there was Erwin's personal efforts in rare-book collecting. A glimpse of his efforts is The Erwin Tomash Library on the History of Computing: An Annotated and Illustrated Catalog http://www.cbi.umn.edu/hostedpublications/Tomash/index.htm, a significant scholarly effort itself done in collaboration with Mike Williams.

With best wishes, Tom Misa  December 20th, 2012.

Mr. Tomash studied electrical engineering at the University of Minnesota before serving in the Army Signal Corps during World War II. After the war he worked at Engineering Research Associates, a seminal computer company, while earning an MS degree at the University of Maryland. As a young engineer at ERA in 1950 he was responsible for the central control system of the 1103 {ATLAS II} computer designed for the Navy. Tomash proposed that the machine could be modified to suit a commercial market, which it was subsequently with great success.

3.18 Dr. George Champine

submitted by his brother John
CHAMPINE, George A. Age 78 of Hudson lost his long battle with Leukemia on March 28, 2013. He was born in Fairmont, Minnesota, oldest child of Floyd and Genevieve Champine. He graduated from Fairmont High School. George earned Bachelor's and Master's degrees in Physics and a Ph.D. in Information Systems - all from the University of Minnesota. George was a pioneer in computer technology. He was one of the first 2,000 programmers in the world and he continued on the forefront of information technology throughout his professional career. As a graduate student he began work for Univac in St. Paul Minnesota, where he wrote most of the software for the world's first airborne computer. This computer used real-time data from radar to control the rear turret machine guns on a heavy bomber. He was part of the software development team under the legendary computer designer Seymour Cray for the Univac 1103 computer. He also led teams that developed software for the world's first ground-based digital missile guidance system (Nile-X), and computer-controlled radar. He made major computer architecture contributions to the Univac 1100/60 computer. George was very active in the University of Minnesota's Institute of Technology Alumni Society and was president during 1979-1980. He also served as one of the founding members of the industry advisory board to the newly emerging Computer Science Department at the University.

He was promoted to Director of Research at Univac, Blue Bell Pennsylvania where he managed 146 researchers. He subsequently left Univac and became Senior Vice President of Engineering at Vydec, a subsidiary of Exxon Enterprise Inc. Later he joined Digital Equipment Corp. in the Boston area. At Digital he pioneered high performance graphical workstations. In 1984 Digital assigned him to lead their research team at Microelectronics and Computer Technology Corp in Austin, Texas, and in 1986 to become Associate Project Director of Project Athena at MIT in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Out of that landmark project emerged such technologies as X-Windows and Kerberos. George published a book describing the project. George and Barbara moved to Stow at this time. He subsequently became Director of Technology for Information Systems at Digital, and when Compaq Computer acquired Digital he became Director of Technology and Architecture. Shortly after Hewlett Packard acquired Compaq in 2002 he retired at age 68. In retirement he taught computer classes, maintained websites for four non-profits, and fixed computer problems for Quail Run residents. As a volunteer at the Harvard astronomy department he photographed 80,000 pages of astronomy telescope data and was instrumental in setting up the bar code system in identifying astronomy images. George was on the board of directors for the Hudson Historical Society and The Photographic Historical Society of New England.

During George's working career, he taught many college courses part-time, including: Physics at Hamline University in St. Paul, Project management at the University of Minnesota, and Computer Graphics at the University of Texas, MIT in Cambridge, and the University of Massachusetts/Lowell. He has written more than 30 papers published nationally and has authored three books in the computer field (“MIT Project Athena: A Model for Distributed Campus Computing,” “Distributed Computer Systems,” and “Computer Technology Impact on Management”). He also wrote four books about life in southern Minnesota and his home town of Fairmont. He was highly respected on a worldwide basis as a speaker on advances in computer science and technology. His interests were photography, family history, electronic music, playing the organ, motorcycling, canoeing, camping, astrophysics, travel, and jogging. Survivors include his wife of 57 years, Barbara; children Renee Olson of San Jose CA, Mark Champine and wife Lori of Westford MA, and Lisa Paton of Hudson MA.

3.19 Charles J. "Chuck" HOMAN

Age 84 of St Paul on March 19, 2013. Former President and Member Emeritus of Univac/UNISYS VIP Club. He is survived by Midge [wife of 38 years], 6 children, 18 grand children, 3 great grandchildren. Charles Homan earned a PhD in Chemistry at Northwestern University. He was an Eagle Scout and served in the US Army stateside during the Korean Conflict. His church volunteerism included 40+ years counting the Sunday contributions. Chuck was an early participant at the First Friday lunch group [The original Geek Squad], as the 6^th person to join the original group of Dr. Sid Rubens, Jim Nikitas, Don Nemanic, and Dr. Arnold Cohen in the late 50s. In 2009 he and Midge were granted VIP Club Member Emeritus status in recognition of 6 terms of CLUB service as VP, President, Past President and a dozen years coordinating the Annual picnic. “Well done, good and faithful servant”, Matthew 25:23. Some of this data was copied from the bulletin at his memorial service.  LABenson

3.20 Frank Kucera [1955 - 1987]

As Frank's son, my information may not be complete, but can be compiled together with my brother-in-law and others for a better picture. I was born in 1957, so some of this is hearsay occurring prior to my awareness rather than me witnessing it happening live. Probably still not complete, but better.

     Frank moved to Minnesota from New Jersey to in 1955 work for a new mainframe computer manufacturer in Minnesota. I believe the location was a "former glider factory" on Prior Avenue in St. Paul. I don't know the full sequence of names, but believe Univac was used at least twice in the sequence: UNIVAC = "Universal Automated Computing Machine" or some similar moniker. During his nearly 32 years at ERA/Remington/Remington Rand/Univac/Sperry Univac/Sperry/Unisys he worked in both Federal (Defense) Systems and Commercial Operations.

The first machine dad worked on used vacuum tubes, took up a large room and a lot of power, and was a PhD project to prove it could be done. Earlier the company had merged into an existing glider company to hasten the ability to sell stock, replicated the machine, add features, and sell it. Military customers were the only ones that could afford this technology at first. The story told to us was that work as a military contractor limited what could be patented so IBM ?stole? many of Univac's secrets.

In that era, he worked two levels under Seymour Cray, who many don't know ever worked at Univac. At one point, Frank was manager in the ARTS III development, an early airliner tracking system for control towers of commercial airports. I wasn't knowledgeable of his positions very often except having an ARTS III business card at one time from dad touting a manager title. His expertise was in memory systems, and in those early days he knew Forrester who invented core memory. He knew computer pioneers Arne Cohen, Seymour Cray, Forrester and many of the early names in the fledgling industry. His expertise was mainly in technical circuitry as opposed to software or managerial. In my days growing up, I recall open houses for families of employees where drum memories were the star because they were so large, control boards had lots of lights, and pre-set questions were staged so kids would be asked oblique information (like their birthday) and the system automatically knew from that their name and other personal information. The answer came out over a line printer, all caps.

Over his career through the years, Dad worked at Eagan Township, Roseville, West 7th, and Prior Avenue locations. (They were numbered like Plant 8 but I retained the location better than the plant number). Roseville was so close to our home but he spent more years at distant locations such as starting up Eagan. I seem to recall he spent much time in Defense with military customers like the Navy, the Census Bureau, etc. When I put in two summers (1977 and 1978) as a summer intern in Eagan (I think it wasn't a Twp anymore.) To many people I wasn't Jim, but I was Frank's son. So he was widely known.

Jim Kucera (son) and Lowell Palacek (son-in-law) - current UNISYS employee.  

3.21 Donald Ream [1953 - 1955]

{Obit redacted by LABenson from on-line obit of Dignity Green Acres Mortuary; Scottsdale, AZ.}
It's likely that most Minnesotans would be unaware of Don's short stint with the company. [Harvey Taipale]

Ream, Donald L. was born 19 April, 1922, in Johnstown, PA; he passed away on April 8, 2014 in Tempe, AZ. Don graduated from the College of William and Mary with scholastic honors. He had been elected Student Body President in 1944 but was unable to serve due to his Naval commission; after he received advanced schooling at the University of Richmond, Harvard and M.I.T. Donald served during WW II in the Philippines, Borneo and Japan until 1946. When he returned from service and received his degree from William and Mary; he became a cryptanalyst with the department of the Navy and then filled one of the Governments' initial positions for computer engineering. He was a member of the group that developed the first digital, programmable computer in 1950. {editor's note: ATLAS I, ERA 1101.}
In 1953 Don Ream was recruited by Remington Rand Univac to be technical manager of their Arlington, Virginia, ERA 1101 computer center. However, in 1955 Lieutenant Alfred Bettis managed to recruit Ream back to Navy civilian service in the BUSHIPS Computer Design Section at the Navy Security Station.
For the next three years Ream would work half time as project engineer for NTDS computer development, and the following four years full time in the same capacity. During his career, he was responsible for much of the computer development pertaining to the Naval DOD. {editor's note: AN/USQ-17; AN/USQ-20, 20A, 20B; AN/UYK7, and AN/UYK-20.}
He was awarded the Gold Medal by the American Society of Naval Engineers for exceptional and outstanding service to Naval Engineering in the advancement of the science and application of digital computers to complex systems. Donald retired in 1982 and lived an outstanding life with friends and family at Friendship Village in Tempe, AZ.   

After his passing a small group of volunteers (retired Navy Captains) unsuccessfully processed paper work to get a ship named the USS Donald Ream. 

3.22 Dr. Abraham Franck [1919-2019]

Abe of Edina MN passed away on 17 January at age 100. Dr. Franck was a former ERA employee and a longtime educator at the U of MN in Mathematics focused on technology.  After ERA, he was the designer of the Fabri-Tek Bi-Tran Six digital trainer computer. The Bi-Tran Six was part of the U of MN electronics classes in the early 60s. Abe’s love of music led to the establishment of the Abraham Franck String Quartet at the University of New Mexico. When at the First Friday luncheons (original Geek Squad), he often spoke of playing the violin. He was a Club Life member.

3.23 Edward Doyle "Pete" Zimmer - last survivor of Control Data's original gurus

From William "Curt" Nelson: You have likely received notice of Pete Zimmer's passing in February at age 93, however the enclosed Star-Tribune article gives history from the early days of our company.  I knew Pete as a friend and also knew several of the outstanding engineers who went to CDC at that time.  I was invited to an organizational meeting in Edina and purchased 100 shares of CDC at $1 a share as did many of my fellow employees.  I could have been rich from that investment but I sold out much too soon at $20 a share.  The following is redacted from Patrick Kennedy's 'Strib' article: 
Mr. Zimmer was among the scientists, engineers, and veterans from WWII who started the computer industry in Minnesota.  He started his career at the pioneering computer company, Engineering Research Associates (ERA).  That St. Paul-based company was acquired by Remington Rand and later became Sperry Rand - each was a giant in the postwar days of the early computer industry here and elsewhere. ERA management was frustrated with some of the autonomy the'd lost under the 'East Coast' corporate owners thus in 1957 many of the early ERA employees left ERA to form a technology startup company, Control Data Corporation.
Under the leadership of William Norris and the technical expertise of Seymour Cray, Control Data grew into one of the largest and most infjuential companies in Minnesota.  Those earliest employees included sales, finance and suport staff plus also key technical people like Frank Mullaney, Bill Key, Bob Kisch, Howard Sheckels and Robert Perkins.  Zimmer joined them in September 1957, assigned employee badge # 13 - He was the last survivor of that earliest group.  CDC would eventually employ 65,000, including 5,000 party-time workers.  CDC's successes attracted talented people to the region and influenced other computer, technology and financial companies in Minnesota.  AND, a several other successful sartup companies grew out of their association with Control Data, {editor's Note: see right column of http://vipclubmn.org/Spinoffs.html#Corporations.}
According to Mr. Zimmer's son, Bill, Pete had enlisted in the Navy the day before his 18th birthday because it had the best electronics program.  He served in the Navy from 1943 to 1946 then earned a 1950 BSEE degree from the U of MN.  He joined ERA and eventually rose to be a Vice President and Chief Engineer at Control Data.  While at CDC, he was project engineer for the computers of the submarine-launched Polaris ballistic missile system.  Later he was in charge of Control Data's 3300 line of commercial computers.  After Mr. Cray's engineering team developed the CDC 6600 at the Chippewa Falls laboratory, Zimmer and his team put the 6600 series into production at the CDC Arden Hills manufacturing plant.  By 1966, CDC was no longer a small startup company and several early employees resigned including Zimmer to take on other initiatives.  Pete formed his own consulting company as well as serving on the boards of three other technology companies. 
{Editor's Note: Before STEM} Mr. Zimmer taught his kids coding and BASIC programming at home and was recognized as a technology futurist.  His son said: "He told people, way before anybody thought it made any sense, that there are going to be computers in everybody's home."  "After he retired, he became the IT guy for lot of seniors, neighbors, and friends."  Mr. Zimmer is survived by wife Margorie (65-years) four children and five grandchildren.   {editing by LABenson, 3/20/2019.}  

3.24 Charles Allan Kiesling, UNIVAC 1955 to Unisys 1993

Submitted by Brian Daly of Unisys:
Charles Allan Kiesling, Sr, originally of Murdock MN, passed quietly on January 2, 2014 at the age of 83.   Charles is survived by his wife, Nancy and several other family members. Charles was proud of his service with the US Navy and his Navy family.  As a crew member of the USS Collette DD 730, he was part of the Sitting Duck Squadron at Inchon during the Korean War.  He was the most recent editor and publisher for the USS Collette Association newsletter and enjoyed the ship's company reunions.  Over the years, Charles was very active in his community including the Boy Scouts of America, Clan MacBean Association of America, and the Veterans of Foreign Wars Post 5555.

Charles worked for Sperry Rand through its various incarnations, including Sperry Univac and finally Unisys in the electronics engineering and developmental department until he retired after 38 years of service in 1993.  Charles' many accomplishments while working with Sperry include the creation of some of the first computer networking systems in the early 1960's for private industry and the government.  He was also credited with patents US 3497760 A and US 3531796 A.   He was the father of the logical expansion circuitry for display systems, or "Graphical Computer Video Card" and the flashing or "Blinking Cursor."  Charles' visionary computer designs and ideas in the 1960's and 1970's helped lay the foundation for our modern computer world today.

Former co-worker, Dr. John Esch, wrote, " I worked with Chuck in the early 1970’s on a series of IR&D Test Vehicle computer designs. About all I remember was that he was a great guy to work with. Unfortunately, I don’t remember having any conversations about his blinking curser work." 
Editor Lowell Benson: I vaguely remember Chuck, I never worked directly with him but did sit with him on a few IR&D project reviews.  He is mentioned in our Legacy Anthology by Dr. John Esch, http://vipclubmn.org/People2.html#Esch.  He is also mentioned by Tom Soller, http://vipclubmn.org/People9.html#Soller.
At various times Mr. Kiesling worked with Lee Granberg who holds several patents associated with the electronics of cathode ray tubes, including #4,081,799 Character generation system for a visual display terminal -  http://vipclubmn.org/Patents.html#Granberg.  If this hadn't happened, then the Charles Kiesling 'blinking cursor' patent may not have ensued.

"3.25 Gerald 'Jerry' Williams, ERA 1951 - UNIVAC 1958 then CDC 1963-79

The last VIP Club ERA employee has left us; laid to rest on December 29^th, 2023 in Northfield, MN.  Jerry is from the WWII Greatest Generation, an inventor with 7 patents, a life member of the Club, and until 2010 a participant of the https://vipclubmn.org/activities.html#Geeks.  Our Stories of  April 2021, https://vipclubmn.org/Articles/SatisfyingInventions.pdf, is a career summary extracted from his auto-biography.  He is also the last of the four Ws, who were the File Computer principal designers in the mid-50s: Jerry Williams [magnetic storage], Bob Wesslund [arithmetic unit], Jim Wright [control], and Don Weidenbach [input/output]. Over 180 of these File Computers were built, the beginning of automated flight strips for the FAA.  From ERA/UNIVAC he was a co-founder of Transistors Electronics in 1958, a Control Data employee (’63 to ’79), then a 1976 founder of Williams Sound Corporation until he sold it and retired in 1987. 
My opinion (Lowell) is that his greatest invention is the ‘Personal P-A Broadcasting System’ which allows those with hearing deficits to hear the spoken parts of their church’s worship. As of 2020 more than 40,000 systems with over 300,000 receivers distributed.  Bless you Jerry, may you rest in peace - Lowell

 

In this Chapter

Testimonials/Obits [24] - Rollie Arndt, Jim Bergum, Bob Blixt, Pat Casey, Dr. George Champine, Abe Franck, Dr. Arnie Cohen, Fred Hargesheimer, Grover Higgenbothem, John 'Jack' Hill, Charles 'Chuck' Homan, Richard 'Dick' Huberty, Earl C. Joseph Sr., William 'Bill' Keye, Charles Kiesling, Frank Kucera, John Markfelder, Robert 'Bob' McDonald, Don Ream, Jack Reid, Dr. Sid Rubens, Erwin Tomash,  Robert 'Bob' Wesslund, Pete Zimmer, and Jerry Williams.

Chapter 19 edited 2/19/2023