2. Genealogy Chart 
This chart, extracted from the larger chart, shows the first decade of computers which are futher described below.
3. Computer summaries
3.1 Classified:
In the late 40s, ERA created several 'analytical machines' for the National Security Agency's predecessor. The Hecate I & II, the Demon I & II, the O'Malley, the Robin, and Goldberg were 24-bit analytical machines with plug board control and drum memories to hold data during processing. The Bogart (NSA) computer had 4,096 words of core memory supplementing its drum memory.
3.2 Atlas
The Atlas stored program digital computer was delivered by ERA in October, 1950. ERA received agency approval to make a 'commercial' version which was named the 1101 by Jack Hill because Atlas was developed on contract task 13, 1101 is 13 in binary.
3.3 1101 and 1102:
The beginning of the 1100 Commercial series which continues today.
By George Gray - The 1101 that ended up at Georgia Technical Institute had been installed in Arlington, VA where Remington Rand set up a service bureau with the idea of renting time on it. The proposal for this originated with Howard Engstrom in March 1952. The 1101 there only became fully operational in February 1954. It was estimated that it would cost $150,000 to operate for a year while projected revenues would be no more than $100,000. In June 1954 it was decided to shut down the 1101 operation by October 1954. It was received at Georgia Tech in November 1954 but had to be put into storage until the building was ready the following summer. Installation of the 1101 began on August 4, 1955 and it was in operation three weeks later.
By Harry Wise - The first computer that I ever had anything to do with was the ERA 1101 at Georgia Tech about 1955. ERA built one 1101 on “speculation” to sell into the commercial market. When they were unable to sell it, Dr. I.E. Perlin from Ga. Tech talked Douglas MacArthur into giving the machine to Tech. Dr. Perlin had a check for $1,000,000 in his pocket to start a computer department. Tech got to spend the all money on a really nice building, etc.
The 1101 computer used a 24 bit word length mapped onto a rotating drum main memory. The drum technology was invented by ERA engineers. The architecture concepts evolved from the classified hardware project ATLAS. Only two 1101s were built, plus a variation labeled the 1102.
The year before the first UNIVAC was installed, ERA had delivered the first 1101 to Fort Meade. It weighed 17,000 lbs. It took ERA 9 days to uncrate, install, and get the machine running. That included a huge air conditioning set and a 100 hp motor-alternator set. It came up running the program that was loaded in the drum memory in St. Paul before it was torn down for shipment. I understand that the customer took over the machine and put it straight into production the day it ran.
Note that the 1104 isn't missing, it was a 30-bit variation of the 1103A, thus is on the 30-bit computer pages.
3.4 Athena (U1463)
The Transtec and Magtec laboratory based computers implemented the same basic instruction set architecture in two different technologies. The transistor based model was used for the Athena. This ISA was different from the drum based ISA, it used a 16-bit instruction with a 24 bit data word. Twenty-six systems were delivered. The Athena computers had over 400 launches without an abort due to the computer or software. A web site with Athena follow on as a teaching/learning computer is at http://www.silogic.com/Athena/Athena.html, Thanks to Mark DiVecchio. [lab]
3.5 Spaceborne processors:
Titan II & III, Sabre I & II - No Legacy articles written these yet.
The TITAN III project started July 1966 with the first delivery in November 1967. [esl]
3.6 THE UNIVAC 1824 GUIDANCE COMPUTER By line - Bill Corson.
The 1824 Computer was built in the 1960’s by Sperry Rand UNIVAC, Defense Systems Division, a heritage company of Lockheed Martin. It was designed to perform on-board missile guidance and was selected as the guidance computer for the TITAN IIIC missile built by Martin Marietta Corp., another Lockheed Martin heritage company. 
Other contracts won by UNIVAC with the 1824, were the guidance and on-board control of the TITAN IIIC MOL (Manned Orbiting Laboratory) and a maneuverable re-entry vehicle where the computer could guide a re-entry warhead through rugged terrain, to a ground target. Neither of these programs achieved operational status. The MOL program was scrapped by the Air Force in 1969 partially due to the success being achieved by NASA at that time, and the maneuverable re-entry vehicle was never funded by the Air Force for operation. An 1824 computer guided the Titan IIIC missile in the movie “Lost In Space”.
UNIVAC placed its hopes in this computer as the replacement for ground guidance computers. Prior to the development of this compact, light-weight computer, missile guidance had been controlled by radio control from ground based computers receiving radar positional data inputs, and sending correctional data back to the missile. The ground based computers, used from the 50’s into the early 70’s, where also a Univac model named the Athena, which was designed by Seymour Cray. It occupied 370 square feet and weighed 21,000 pounds. This was an extremely reliable computer, which never caused a count-down hold or flight problem in all of those years. The software in the Athena computer operated from a rotating drum, and each instruction had to be spaced along the drum in such a way that the rotation time between instructions was equal to the execution time of the previous instruction.
The 1824 computer was so small that it was taken to Washington, DC in a First Class airline seat, where Generals in the Pentagon, where were given the opportunity to play what was likely the world’s first desk-top video game, a basketball game, using an oscilloscope for a display device. The 1824 was designed in 1963, and production ended in 1969 after undergoing many difficulties, causing it to badly over-run both cost and schedule estimates.
1824 Information - project start March 1964:
Year: 1964 – 1969 Size: 9” x 9” x 15” Weight: 32.15 lbs. Input Power: 24 Volts DC
Instruction Repertoire:
45 unique 16 bit instructions, each comprised of a 5-bit operation code, a 2-bit index register designator, a one-bit field to indicate whether the extension (base) register was to be used.
Memory: Thin-film Memory layout: DRO (Destructible Readout) or RAM 512 - 24 bit words
NDRO (Non-Destructible Readout) Thin-film: Instructions/Constants – 3584 - 48 bit words. Words were addressed as 3 – 16 bit instructions in width (thus up to 10752 instructions) or as 2 – 24 bit operands (up to 7168 constants).
The computer program was loaded on the ground during pre-launch activities via punched paper or Mylar tape. Magnetic loading media was not allowed by the Air Force due to what they perceived as the vulnerability of magnetic media. During flight, this on-board computer received vehicle attitude inputs from an inertial Guidance Platform, basically a three-gyro system feeding the computer information from three gimbals angular readout devices. 
This data was then processed in the 1824, to determine and output steering commands, guiding the vehicle on a predetermined, parameterized path including roll maneuvers, thruster jettisons, and payload release. [Bill Corson]
The internal structure of this spaceborne computer had many of the components encapsulated as shown in this drawing provided by Larry Bolton. The Sabre/1824 was the first Univac defense systems computer to use monolithic integrated circuits, regardless of package type. Earlier machines had used discrete semiconductors. These first integrated circuits used Diode-Transistor-Logic (DTL) and were designed by Univac and implemented in silicon by Westinghouse.
The 1824 used flat package integrated circuits. The 1824 (MMRBM) DTL Monolithic Gates were documented in procurement specs numbering 7900309 through 7900334, and other later numbers.
[Larry Bolton]
3.7 CP-818 ( 1224)
I worked on the defense systems test floor (Plant 3) in the mid to late sixties (before that operation was moved to Plant 1 (Shepard Road). I worked mostly on the 1218 and 1219 computers, but also on the 1224 project at Plant 5, with an engineer named Charles Chu. I can't seem to find any info about the 1224 on this website. Is there anything available? Thanks. [Roger C. Morris]
The 1224 was an off-shoot of the of the 1218 computer we designed for the National Security Agency (NSA). At the time (1964), I reported to Hy Osofsky and I was the 1224 Project Engineer. Leroy Olson designed the I/O section and I designed the CPU and control sections. This computer had a very specialized instruction repertoire. I recall one of the instructions was so complex I actually flow charted it - to make sure it was correct! After delivery of the initial units, I made a couple trips to NSA - very interesting place. I don't recall any "Charles Chu" having anything to do with the 1224 - at least not during the development phase. Nor do I recall a person by that name ever being part of Plant 5 Engineering. Ernie Lantto was not involved and it was one of the few computers in which Glen K. was not involved. [Don Mager]
I have a May 1968 genealogy chart that shows the 1224 as the CP-818, a derivative or follow on to the 1218 computer. [Lowell A. Benson - VIP Club webmaster.]
I worked on the 1224 program writing acceptance test programs. I don't remember who was actually doing the design work. I believe that it was called the FlexComp and was a 24 bit machine just like the designation 1224 signifies. It featured what amounted to a special purpose register set designated as Talley registers that could be used to correlate data occurrences in a data field. I had a lot of fun writing the test programs for the Talley registers and ended up using a series of index modified nested loops to run all data combinations. If I could ever find my staff data sheet I could probably tell you exactly when I was working on it. I'll have a look. [Dick Erdrich]
According to the Type Number Mill Nomenclature Listing the following::
1224 is listed as the CP-818/U, a 24 bit Computer, TUGGLE; Part Number 7033059, 4041224; Specification DS-4829.
Some people I talked to seemed to remember a TUGGLE Program/Project but nothing more than the name. [Quint Heckert]
The 1224 [CP818] project started in September 1962 with five units shipped in early 1964. A 1224A [CP818U] project started in October 1964 with deliveries through Oct. 1965. {info from Ernie Lantto, et al'.}
Comments from: Tony Mannucci via web site, January 30, 2009:
Message:
I was in the USAF Security Service back in the late 70's/early 80's. I was a ground radio repairman and had no computer experience, but the Air Force sent us to the Navy Technical Training Center at Corry Station in Pensacola, Florida. We attended a 6-month course on the AN/GYK-8 FLEXCOP system which consisted of the Univac 24-bit computer, CP-818 and its peripherals. We were first taught machine-code programming for the first 6 weeks. The rest of the time was spent on learning the peripherals. Our training focused on writing our own utilities for troubleshooting the system. The school was the best I attended in my service career because one I left the school, I was capable of maintaining the system. This was the Navy way whereas the Air Force typically used OJT to take the school knowledge and complete it with hands-on experience.
Long after I completed my Air Force career, I went to work for the Federal Aviation Administration. I found myself working on the ARTS IIIA Automation System which to me were very much like the CP-818's I worked on previously. The training was at the FAA Academy in Oklahoma City. It was considered a difficult course. I found it seriously lacking because the course administrators removed the programming from the curriculum because students had too much difficulty and their grades reflected it. These computers did not have all the registers like the CP-818 had, but they were very reliable.
3.8 CP-823 Some of the packaging techniques from the 1824 space borne computer series was used while developing the CP-823/U airborne computer - initially used for Anti-Submarine Warfare systems development. See the 30-bit computer page for more information. [lab]
VIP Page 51 updated 20 January, 2010